The exotic Southeast Asian country of
Indonesia,
is composed of thousands of islands sprawled between Asia and Australia
bordering the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The country’s 243 million
people come from hundreds of ethnic backgrounds and speak hundreds of
languages. Jakarta, Indonesia’s vibrant capital, sits on the isle of
Java along with the famous cities of Surabaya and
Yogyakarta.
Glamorous beaches, colorful jungles, mysterious wildlife and volatile
volcanoes make Indonesia a hotspot for tourists from all over the
globe. Indonesia is also home to the largest Muslim populace in the
world as well as Southeast Asia’s largest economy.
As a developing country, Indonesia has great potential for the
future. It also has its share of problems. Like so many countries around
the world, Indonesian culture is rife with bullying.
School bullying, in particular, has taken a great toll on the quality of education in the country.
Bullying is so prevalent in Indonesia’s school system that examples
of primary bullying, middle school bullying and high school bullying can
be found in most of the country’s provinces. Sadly enough, school
bullying is claiming the lives of children as young as primary school
age through physical violence and
suicide. In a talk to university students,
Khofifah Indar Parawansa, social minister of Indonesia, said, “Today, (November 2015) 40% of
children that commit suicide do so because of bullying.”
Khofifah
urged schools to take a stance against bullying and put an end to their
culture of abuse among students. She encouraged teachers to do their
part to strengthen their students’ character in an effort to stop
bullying on school grounds. In some instances, students were resorting
to self-harm such as slashing their wrists to escape from bullying
taunts. Many students were victims of malicious texts from classmates
who wanted to do them harm.
In a 2012 survey released by Indonesia’s National Child Protection
Commission, approximately 87.6% of the 1,026 participants reported they
had been bullied either physically or verbally in school. The behavior
victims experienced ranged from abusive name calling to physical
beatings.
Of those who reported bullying behavior, 42.1% identified classmates as the primary source of
abusive behavior.
Approximately 29.9% of bullying victims said they were bullied by
teachers and administrators while 28% said they were bullied by school
staff such as janitors or security guards.
These troubling numbers are a cause of great concern for parents and
school officials alike. Many parents fear for the health and welfare of
their children attending Indonesian schools. Rather than being a safe
haven where their kids can receive a quality education, Indonesian
schools have become a habitation of bullies seeking their next prey.
Unfortunately, many Indonesian schools are indifferent to bullying
behavior, considering it a natural part of their culture. Such attitudes
filter down to victims who are reluctant to report offenses as they
fear retaliation with nothing being done. According to survey reports,
less than 15% of victims were keen on making allegations about bullying
acts. Badriyah Fayumi, education chief for the National Child Protection Commission (KPAI), pretty much summed it up by saying, “Violence is still considered normal in many parts of society.”
Deputy chief Asronun Niam of the KPAI
felt bullying numbers could actually be higher than the survey revealed
due to students’ not reporting offenses that occur. Studies reveal that
schools are in part to blame for the rise of bullying in their midst
due to being lax in finding ways to prevent the violence. Even when
bullying cases are reported, school officials are slow to respond.
Maria Ulfah, KPAI
commission chairperson, feels the need for schools to develop a
friendlier approach toward their students. Low tolerance for misbehavior
often prompts teachers to punish children severely for minor offenses,
causing students to fear their educators almost as much as they fear
bullies. Indonesian teachers have been accused of using bullying tactics
on their students to keep them in line.
In one instance
, abusive behavior by a teacher was secretly caught on video footage by a student in a
Cimahi,
West Java, school. The footage showed the teacher smacking four pupils
in the head and face with a rolled-up newspaper during class. The video
appeared on Indonesia’s national
MetroTV,
shocking parents all over the country. The incident exposed the risk of
violent behavior children faced from their own teachers, much less
peers.
Sadly enough, the teacher in question was not dismissed but merely
warned not to use such tactics in the classroom again. Meanwhile, the
damage had been done. Parents who were already leery of sending their
kids to school now lost even more confidence that their kids would be
safe in a school environment.
After viewing the disturbing footage, Asrul Darsan,
a father who has three kids of his own, commented: “Scary video. We
don’t know what happens every day to our children. I guess it is very
important to choose which school to send your children to. We can’t
install closed-circuit television at our children’s schools, can we?”
Bullying in Indonesian Schools: Cause for Parental Concern
In 2010, 14 year old Riska
was spotted by her parents perching on the ledge of a window in her
home contemplating suicide. Struggling with weight problems, Riska was constantly bullied by schoolmates who taunted her for being fat. The relentless name calling and insults had caused Riska
to fall into such a depressed state that she contemplated taking her
life. Fortunately, she was stopped by her parents who immediately sought
psychiatric help.
Years earlier, two other teens were not as fortunate – both took
their lives at home due to being bullied at school. Linda, a 15 year old
junior high school student, committed suicide after being ridiculed and
picked on by fellow students due to failing junior high school classes.
Thirteen year old Fifi Kusrini hung herself at home after being incessantly teased at school for having a father that worked as a street vendor.
In 2014, 12 year old elementary school student Fajar Murdianto
died after receiving multiple beatings by bullies at school. The boy,
who went into a coma due to his injuries, was hospitalized for several
weeks before passing on. His doctor stated that brain concussion was the
cause of death. Afterwards, the boy’s uncle confirmed the boy had
problems with bullying at school, often returning home with bruises on
his body. Apparently Fajar had been the target of school bullies since the 5th grade.
These incidents and more have Indonesian parents quite worried about the
safety of their kids at school.
Studies reveal that school bullying is a leading cause of child suicide
in the country. According to bullying information released by the
anti-bullying organization
Sejiwa, an estimated 30 children between the ages of 6-15 attempted or committed suicide in Indonesia from 2001 to 2005.
In 2010,
KPAI
reported an estimated 2,339 incidents of violence against children in
the country – 300 of these were categorized as bullying. Although this
figure showed a decline from the 498 incidents reported a year earlier,
it’s still sufficient cause for parental concern.
Bullying awareness campaigns
launched in schools could have been the reason for the decline. In
addition, local NGOS and parents have become more involved in bullying
issues in schools, sharing ideas with school officials on how to deal
with bullying in their area.
Despite these efforts, many Indonesian parents are resorting to home
schooling their kids, especially those who’ve been traumatized by
bullying in public or private schools. According to Diena Haryana, CEO of Sejiwa,
“Bullying at schools is still rampant in Indonesia. The number of cases
is higher in rural areas where there is less access to information,
media… Teachers there still adopt the old-school way of disciplining
students, which is by way of applying pressure.”
Anti-Bullying Measures in Indonesia
Indonesia has taken anti-bullying measures to help rectify the
problem of school bullying. In 1996, the country ratified the UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 2003, it adopted the
Child Protection Law.
Yet, implementation of these measures is still slow on the “ground
level” where it counts the most. According to the UN convention,
children have ‘a right to live, grow up, participate in any activity and
be protected from discrimination.’ A nation’s government is responsible
for guaranteeing these rights.
In Indonesia, however, the child protection law doesn’t clarify the
government’s responsibility to uphold UN convention rights. As such,
‘old-school’ teachers can get away with denying children their rights.
In some schools, children can’t challenge what teachers do or say, even
if their actions go against the UN convention. In like manner, older
students can breach the rights of younger children by blocking their
participation in some activities or events.
“What we found on the ground during our visits to schools,” Diena
said “was that many, if not most, teachers in Indonesia do not know
about these four rights each child is entitled to according to the UN
convention. So how can they ensure students get their rights?”
Teachers who are not familiar with or fail to uphold children’s rights under the UN convention will be of little use in
helping to prevent bullying in schools.
First, their ignorance will make it difficult to even identify bullying
incidents, much less prevent them. Second, they’ll have little
incentive to make the extra effort to get involved.
In order to combat bullying effectively, teachers must be willing to
break out of their routines and molds. Some teachers need to adopt new
teaching methods that set a better example to their classrooms. Others
need to
learn more about the causes of bullying
and how to handle bullying in their respective classes. For parents to
have greater confidence in the Indonesian school system, they need to
trust that teachers have their children’s best interest at heart when
they do their job.
Violent Punishments Contribute to Bullying in Indonesia
Although it’s important for parents to know what’s happening in their kids’ schools, news stories and broadcasts of
school violence
depicting students fighting and teachers bullying children only adds to
parental worries and fears. Parents fear that children will be
adversely affected by such poor examples from adults and peers.
Arist Merdeka Sirait, KPAI
head, agrees. “People around the children have been setting bad
examples,” he said. “Teachers using violence in classrooms, television
showing Members of Parliament fighting with one another – children can
easily be copying them.”
Unfortunately,
violent punishments
as a form of disciplinary action are not uncommon in Indonesian
schools. A 2005 Swedish Save the Children survey revealed that school
children in North Maluku, Maluku and West Timor, where the research was
conducted, received harsh punishments by teachers in comparison to their
infraction. Some children were beaten; others were obligated to kneel
for extensive periods of time; still others endured painful twisting of
their ears.
Children told researchers they felt the punishments were harmful,
inappropriate and counterproductive in helping them do better. They even
came up with alternative disciplinary action to correspond with their
misbehavior. The children suggested that fighting in school – an offense
which often merited a beating – be punished by having the guilty
parties illustrate or create a story on friendship. Rather than being
beaten for arriving late to class, the students suggested teachers give
them a chance to explain their tardiness.
The punishment for not doing homework was a beating or forced
kneeling for extensive periods of time. Students suggested that homework
be revised to make it easier for them to understand and complete their
tasks.
The study gave parents and teachers greater insight into old-school
methods of managing classrooms that mimicked bullying behavior. Many
Indonesian schools still rely on violence to enforce discipline and
educate their students. If teachers themselves exude bullying behavior
to control their students, how can they expect to curtail peer bullying
on their campuses? Before changes can be made, schools officials and
teachers need to commit to the policies already laid out against
bullying in child protection legislation.
Teachers’ Role in Eliminating Bullying Behavior
Teaching in Indonesia is an occupation that’s both underpaid and
undervalued. Teachers are often required to work under less than
favorable conditions. In some provinces, schools with large classes,
dilapidated buildings and few resources are the norm. Some teachers lack
training to handle large groups of students, which may be why they
resort to primitive means of classroom management. The study recommended
Indonesian teachers receive more training and greater support to help
raise the standard of discipline and control without the use of bullying
tactics.
A 2006 educational seminar on the subject of “Child Friendly Schools”
presented by Indonesia’s Child Protection Committee, UNICEF and Save
the Children UK also touched on harsh punishments in Indonesian schools.
Similar recommendations concerning teacher training were made. Although
Indonesia has a history of teachers using violent punishments to
control their students, conditions can change through teacher training.
According to Bambang Sudibyo, the Minister for Education at the time,
“culturally, violence is still seen as an effective way of enforcing
discipline and educating a child. It is critical to train teachers in
preventing and avoiding violence, including alternative ways of using
discipline,
stress management, and measures to protect children.”
To date, Indonesia’s educational system continues to be a topic of
much debate. Such issues as how to stop school bullying and harsh
punishments, lowering costs of education, increasing school resources
and improving quality of education still need to be resolved in many
schools across the country. Until long term solutions can be found,
students will continue to face difficulties in getting the quality of
education they deserve.
Causes of Bullying in Indonesia
Bullying statistics from various research studies in Indonesia clearly reveal how bullying has infiltrated Indonesian society.
In 2006, for example, a total of 247 physical violence cases were
reported in Indonesia – 29 of these occurred within schools. Of the 426
sexual violence cases reported in the same year, 67 took place at
schools. Of the 451 psychological violence cases reported in 2006, 96
occurred in schools.
In the first 6 months of 2007, KPAI reported 326 cases of bullying in Jabodetabek alone. In 2009, the city of Yogyakarta
on the isle of Java had a higher percentage of middle school bullying
and high school bullying (70.65%) than Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia
or the much larger metropolis of Surabaya.
When exploring possible causes for bullying in Indonesian schools,
researchers discovered that characteristics identified in student
bullies were 1.65 times more likely to show up in children raised by
authoritarian parents as compared to those coming from households that
believed in ‘open parenting.’ Researchers concluded, therefore, that
authoritarian parenting may very well be contributing to bullying behavior.
There’s no doubt that parents play a key role in the formation of
their children’s character. Most kids receive the basic foundation of
character training and moral ethics in their homes from the time they
are small. By raising their children with such values as kindness,
consideration and respect for others, parents help forge their character
and provide them with
essential social skills that will help them integrate well into school, work and society at large.
John Locke, world renowned English philosopher and physician, likened
a child’s brain and heart to a ‘blank sheet of paper’ wherein anything
could be written by those who influence a child’s life as he or she
grows. What’s recorded on these sheets from early childhood onward will
affect a child’s mindsets, attitudes and behavior well into adulthood.
As parents provide most of a child’s training in the early years, they
would be most responsible for setting the foundation of their children’s
development.
Authoritarian parents who force children to obey are more likely to instill in them
aggressive behavior
that leads to bullying. In like manner, parents who are overly
permissive and fail to set boundaries for their kids give them free
reign to do as they will. This lack of responsibility towards others can
lead to bullying behavior.
Both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles can negatively
impact a child’s character development causing him or her to have
bullying tendencies. In contrast, a ‘democratic’ or open parenting style
that encourages kids to be forthcoming, independent and responsible
helps children to grow with positive attitudes and mindsets that enable
them to integrate better into society. Children with good character
training are not only less likely to partake of bullying activities but
are more capable of handling bullying if and when it arises.
Children are great imitators. They will copy the example they see in
their parents, teachers and other adults who influence their lives. If
adults treat children with dignity and respect, that’s likely how they
will treat others.
Ethnic and religious differences, physical differences, peer
pressure, sexual orientation and economic background are yet other
possible causes of bullying in Indonesian schools. As Indonesia is a
predominantly Muslim country, there is great
intolerance to the LGBT community.
This intolerance can be viewed throughout Indonesian society, from
private businesses to government agencies to local schools. As such,
individuals
Recent comments made by high ranking political figures have only made
matters worse, opening the door to verbal and physical abuse against
university students, business owners, community members and others who
support
LGBT causes.
While teaching kids to be more accepting and tolerant of others begins
in the home, schools and government agencies need to reinforce these
values if they are to take hold in society at large.
Cyberbullying: A Rising Threat in Indonesia
As the number of Internet users increases in a country, so does
the risk of cyberbullying.
Indonesia has seen a marked increase in digital technology over the
years, with over 71 million people using the Internet in 2014 alone.
With greater Internet accessibility, there has been a widespread
increase in the use of computers, tablets and smartphones.
Young people between the ages of 15 to 30 make up most of the
country’s Internet users (50-80%). Most utilize the Internet for
socializing online. Facebook and Twitter are two of the most popular
social sites in Indonesia, with approximately 30 million people having
Twitter accounts and 51 million having Facebook accounts. Indonesia has
become a virtual hotspot for Twitter users, many of which use the site
to promote personal, social or political opinions.
Internet use has made a positive contribution to Indonesian society.
As a learning tool, students find the Internet a valuable source of
information. The Internet has also enhanced social connectivity between
communities, which is highly valued in Indonesian culture. At the same
time, ease in connectivity increases the risk of users being exposed to
cybercrimes, most of which occurs on social media sites.
The rapid rise of cyberbullying in Indonesia is directly attributed
to the 24/7accessibility that digital technology has provided. Current
and future generations are more liable to experience the full threat of
cyberbullying as time goes on. Many parents and teachers are already
seeing the impact of cyber offenses on Indonesian youth.
Depending on the offense,
cyberbullying can have short and long term effects.
The long term effects of cyber offenses can include loss of confidence
and self-esteem, damage to a person’s character and reputation,
financial loss and chronic health problems due to stress and pressure
the offense has caused.
The emotional and psychological impact of cyberbullying may be
greater for young people, as evidenced by the high percentage of suicide
attempts from victims of cyberattacks. Young people can be easily
devastated by online attacks from former boyfriends/girlfriends or
classmates. As online posts are so far reaching and can remain active
almost on a permanent basis, this only intensifies a young person’s
feelings of humiliation, anguish and pain.
Statistics and Facts about Cyberbullying
A recent international Reuters online poll involving 18,000 adults
(approximately 1/3 of these were parents) from 24 countries revealed the
following startling
cyberbullying facts:
- 10% of parents polled said their children had been victims of
cyberattacks; 25% knew of some young person who had been victimized as
well
- 75% of survey participants felt cyberbullying warranted specialized attention for preventative measures
- 60% of those polled said social networks were the favored vehicle of
cyberattacks; mobile phones and chat rooms came in second and third
place with 40% each
- In Indonesia, 91% of those surveyed were familiar with Internet
bullying and what it entailed; 53% said they knew a child in their
community who had been targeted by bullies online
- Over 50% of young cyberbullying victims don’t report attacks to their parents
- “Hyper-networking” tweens and teens (those spending over 3 hours
daily on social sites) increase their chances of being cyberbullied by
110% as compared to young people who spend less time socializing online
Additional research gave greater insight into why bullies launch cyberattacks:
- 11% said they bullied as a means of showing off to friends
- 14% wanted to display their ‘meanness’
- 28% bullied for entertainment or fun
- A whopping 58% bullied as a means of revenge
How to Avoid Online Attacks
Wiser use of the Internet, especially by young people, is key to minimizing the risk of Internet bullying.
Parents should educate their kids on online usage before allowing them to join social sites. Parents should also take greater care to monitor their kids’ online activities.
Minimizing social media usage can also reduce the risk of being
bullied online. In a society as socially active as Indonesia, however,
this can be easier said than done. Children and teens are fairly
addicted to socializing online. A large percentage of Indonesian youth
also have easy access to such technology as smartphone, tablet or
computers, enabling them to connect practically anytime and anywhere.
Cyberattacks can come via mobile phone texts, emails or online chats
just as much as through social medial sites.
Parents should take note of
bullying signs such
as change of behavior in their children, desire for greater secrecy and
loss of interest in school as an indication their kids could be targets
of bullying online. It’s important parents and teachers recognize the
dangers that cyberbullying poses to the younger generation. An apathetic attitude towards this threat could very well cost young tweens or teens their life.
Cyber-victimization at the Junior High Level
Cyberbullying can be a nightmare for parents of young tweens and
teens who are just beginning to plan their future. In recent years,
online bullying has made drastic inroads into the junior high school age
level in Indonesia and even younger.
In a 2016 study published in the Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), researchers sought to examine the
frequency and impact of Internet victimization at the junior high school level in Indonesia.
For their study, they surveyed 102 seventh graders aged 12-13 from a
private school in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. Of these students, 72 were boys
and 30 girls. The participants came from different backgrounds, ethnic
groups and economical standings. Their findings revealed the following:
- Approximately 80% of student participants had been bullied online, many on a daily basis.
- Both genders experienced cyberbullying on an equal basis; boys, however, committed more online offenses than girls.
- 27.5% of students experienced Facebook bullying; 12.7% were bullied
on Twitter; and 12.7% were bullied through texts. Participants also
experienced bullying via phone calls and YouTube.
- The major form of bullying was harassment via name calling (45.1%).
Other bullying behavior included denigration, threats, exposure to
sexual materials and release of personal data without consent.
- Of the 102 student participants, 29.4% said they used the Net mainly
for school; 40.2% said they used the Net mostly for online
socialization; and 23.5% said they used the Net for playing games
online. Those who connected on social sites or played games were more
susceptible to bullying online.
- 53.9% of the students who were bullied had no idea who was behind
the cyberattacks; 11.8% said the bullies were former friends; 9.8% said
the bullies were classmates and 3.9% said the bullies were students from
other schools.
- Regarding the action participants took when cyberbullied, 48% said
they simply ignored the act; 31.4% said they fought back; 7.8% told a
teacher or school administrator; 6.9% told their parents and 5.9% told a
friend.
Bullying anonymity makes it difficult for victims to identify their
assailant and fight back. This makes online bullying more confusing for
victims and in some cases, creepier than traditional face to face
encounters. Parents may not be able to convince their kids to pull back
from social networks, but they can teach them online safety skills that
could protect them from bullies or help them cope if they are targeted
by a bully online.
Dangers of ‘Discussing’ Social and Moral Issues Online
Social networks were originally designed as a means of connecting with family and friends online. In Indonesia, however,
social platforms have become ‘pubic spheres’
in which people have taken to ‘discussing’ social issues, voicing
discontent, exposing people’s mistakes and posting controversial views
on political matters. Despite Indonesia being a democratic society, this
trend has led to dangerous repercussions to those who have used their
‘freedom of speech’ unwisely.
“Unity in diversity” is how the country views its multicultural
society; however, this viewpoint plays out quite differently when people
express controversial opinions or perspectives on social sites. Online
criticism of people, places or ideals outside of a person’s social
standing can result in retaliation by those who have taken offense to
what was said.
Take the case of a Batak university student who called the city of Yogyakarta ‘poor’, ‘stupid’ and ‘uncultured’ online. This personal opinion got her arrested and suspended from graduate studies.
In Indonesia, the Internet’s 24/7 connectivity and expansive reach
makes it a viable means of ‘making one’s voice heard’ – particularly
through social media. Although Internet users only comprise about 23% of
the country’s 240 million people, nearly all of these users connect to
social networks. Indonesians rank 4th in the world for
Facebook users and Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital, outranks every other
city in the world when it comes to sending ‘tweets. It’s no wonder that
the country has been hailed as the ‘social media capital of the world.’
Using the Net as public space to air personal conflicts, however, can
pave the way for a new type of cyberbullying – this time from the
masses.
Florence Sihombing, a university grad student attending Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta,
learned her lesson the hard way when she used social media to criticize
the city after experiencing a situation where she had trouble
purchasing non-subsidized petrol for her motorcycle. Ms Sihombing,
originally from the city of Medan in North Sumatra, was immediately
barraged by negative comments from Yogyakartans who took offense at her
criticism, and demanded that she be expelled from their province.
To add insult to injury, Yogyakartan police later arrested her on charges of defamation under the city’s
Electronic Information & Transactions law.
Although she was eventually released, Ms Sihombing continues to have
legal problems in the city. In addition, she was suspended from Gadjah
Mada University. A public apology did little to appease the populace or
eradicate the damage.
Indonesia’s population is comprised of over 300 ethnic groups which
speak 700 distinct languages. People who publicly express their opinions
or views online run the risk of offending one or more of these groups
in a city or province or even the entire city or province. People don’t
take kindly to “outsiders” criticizing their own. Such actions have the
potential to take cyberbullying to another level.
University Students Take a Stand against Bullying
Indonesia has some of the highest bullying statistics in the world.
Approximately half of students ages 13-15 say they have been bullied at
school. For every child who reports being a target for bullying, there
are probably many more children suffering from the same fate who don’t
report their plight. Children who are bullied face an uphill battle in
overcoming the fear and stigma of their ordeal. Some kids are scarred
for life as the effects of their bullying experience extends into their
adult years.
Taking into account the serious repercussions that bullying in
Indonesia can cause, five students from the University of Bogor (IPB)
decided to take up this cause. In 2015, the group entered the Global
Design for UNICEF Challenge, a competition that challenged young people
in different parts of the world to help resolve local issues that
plagued their society. The IPB students chose to address the problem of
bullying in Indonesian schools.
One of the students, Aldila Setiawati, had personal experience with
the topic seeing as she had been severely bullied all through her school
years. “Luckily,” she says, “I had my family to support me. But I often
thought, what about the children with no support?”
Using the idea of support, the IPB students created the
“We Are Siblings”
program – a project designed to connect young people most susceptible
to bullying with personal and online support networks that can help them
through bullying incidences so they can move forward with their lives.
“We know that bullying can possibly destroy a child’s future,” said Ms
Setiawati. “We thought a support network could help stop this.”
The project was selected as one of the winners of the competition,
providing the students with financial assistance from UNICEF to further
develop the program. When fully operational, the program has the
potential to assist bullied children not only in Indonesia, but all over
the world.
According to Ali Ramly, a UNICEF child protection specialist,
“Bullying has reached epidemic proportions in Indonesia. The numbers are
frightening: a recent study found that 55 percent of male students and
45 percent of female students in classes 7-9 were bullied at least
once.”
“The figures regarding violent bullying are particularly worrying,”
he added. “8.2 percent of these students are bullied most often by being
hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around or locked indoors. We Are Siblings
represents an important step in finding new ways to address bullying.
Their project perfectly aligns with the theme of the Global Design for
UNICEF Challenge – How Can We Better Connect the Under-connected? It is
essential to make sure no one feels alone when they are being bullied.”
UNICEF officials backing the competition are highly encouraged with
the possibilities that “We Are Siblings” has to offer. This program
offers great hope for bullying victims by providing them with the
support system they need to keep going.
There are no positive attributes to bullying, regardless of its form.
School bullying, workplace bullying and home bullying all have
negative consequences to victims and bullies alike.
A society rife with bullying, prejudice and violence will see future
generations struggling to maintain the constructive and positive aspects
of their culture.
By taking a stand against bullying and breaking free from traditions
that accept violence as a normal part of its culture, Indonesia can
provide its young people with greater opportunities to learn, grow and
prosper in a bully-free society.
Pasive Voice:
1.Approximately 29.9% of bullying victims said they were
bullied by teachers and administrators.
2.Riska was spotted by her parents perching on the ledge of a
window in her home contemplating suicide.
3.Riska was constantly bullied by schoolmates who taunted her
for being fat.
4.She was stopped by her parents who immediately sought
psychiatric help.
5.Fajar Murdianto died after receiving multiple beatings by
bullies at schoo
Active Voice:
1.Approximately 29,9% of bullying victims said teacher and administrator bullied them.
2.Riska 's Parents spotted riska perch on the ledge of a window in her home contemplating suicide.
3. Riska's shcoolmates bullied riska contantly taunted her for being fat.
4. Her parents stopped her immediately sought psychiatric help
5. Bullies give multiple beats before Fajar mudianto died at school.
Contoh Passive Voice
Simple past
Active:
1. Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google in 1998.
(Larry Page dan Sergey Brin mendirikan Google pada tahun 1998.)
2. Joe jumped into this hole
Passive:
1. Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in
1998. (Google didirikan oleh Larry Page and Sergey Brin pada tahun 1998.)
2.This hole was jumped by Joe
Simple Present
Active :
1.Helen doesn't drink anything in parties.
2.My teacher punish me because I forget to collect my homework
Passive:
1.Nothing is drunk by Helen in parties.
2.I am punished by my teacher because I forget to collect my
homework
Present Progressive
Active: Poor people are not attending this big party.
Passive: This big party is not being attended by poor
people.
Past Progressive
Active: My friend was baking bread when I came.
Passive : Bread was being baked when I came
Present Perfect
Active:
1. He has prepared great slides for the presentation.
2. My father has just given some money to me.
Passive
1.Great slides has been prepared for the presentation.
2.Some money has just been given to me.
Past Perfect
Active:
1. Sally had read two hundred books before graduating from the
college.
2. He had helped you so many times.
Passive:
1. Two hundred books had been read by Sally before
graduating from the college
2. You had been helped so many times.
